[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 04 January 25 issued 2348 UT on 04 Jan 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Sun Jan 5 10:48:49 AEDT 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/04 JANUARY 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 04 JANUARY AND FORECAST FOR 05 JANUARY - 07 JANUARY
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** RED **   MAG:** YELLOW **     ION: ** YELLOW **
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 04 Jan:  R3

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  X1.1 03/2241UT  probable   all    East Pacific/
                                    North American
  M7.6    0518UT  probable   lower  E. Asia/Aust.
  X1.8    1248UT  probable   all    European
  M2.1    2326UT  possible   lower  East Pacific/
                                    North American.

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 04 Jan: 209/160


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             05 Jan             06 Jan             07 Jan
Activity     R1-R2              R1-R2              R1-R2
Fadeouts     Probable           Probable           Probable
10.7cm/SSN   200/152            195/147            195/147

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 04-Jan was R3 due to an X1.8 
class flare from AR3947 (N11E46, beta-gamma-delta) at 04/1248UT. 
This region also produced an R2 M7.6 flare at 04/0518UT and the 
M2.1 flare at 04/2336UT along with several C class flares, the 
largest a C9.1 at 04/0852UT. Solar regions AR3943 (S15E10, beta-gamma) 
and AR3941 (S04W51, beta) produced C class flares. Solar region 
AR3947 is slowly developing. Region AR3941 is showing decline 
in its trailer spots. Regions AR3944 (S14W05, beta) and AR3945 
(S09E35, beta) are showing slight growth but did not produce 
significant flare activity. There are currently thirteen numbered 
sunspot regions on the solar disk. All other sunspot regions 
are either stable or in decay. Localised plasma motion was observed 
during the interval 04/1444-1920UT in GOES SUVI imagery at S15W55. 
In GONG H-alpha imagery (Cerro Tololo) solar filament activity 
and flaring is visible during the interval 04/1416-1936UT along 
neutral lines around and between solar regions AR3939 (S17W58, 
beta) and AR3941 (S04W51, beta). Solar activity is expected to 
be R1-R2 over 05-07 Jan. An S1 solar solar proton event began 
at 04/2235UT probably in association with the X1.8 flare. S1 
solar radiation storm conditions are expected over 05-Jan, then 
declining over 06-07 Jan. No significantly Earth directed CMEs 
have been observed. A northwest directed CME was observed from 
04/0600UT. This CME could not be time correlated to on disk activity 
and is currently presumed to be a far side CME. A northeast CME 
was observed from 04/1352UT following the X1.8 flare at 04/1248UT. 
This has been modelled as an Earth miss. A west directed CME 
was observed from 04/1512UT. This CME has been paired with the 
solar filament activity in the southwest quadrant and has also 
been modelled as an Earth miss, passing ahead of the Earth. A 
review of yesterdays coronagraph imagery showed that the X1.1 
flare at 03/2241UT was associated with a eastward non Earth directed 
minor very slow faint CME from 03/2312UT and this CME is visible 
in coronagraph imagery early in the UT day on 04-Jan. The earlier 
X1.2 flare at 03/1139UT showed an insignificant very faint weak 
and slow CME from 03/1212UT also directed to the east and only 
visible in C2 imagery. Both these very minor CMEs were modelled 
as a clear Earth miss, passing well behind the Earth. Coronal 
holes are visible in the northwest solar quadrant (centre at 
N12W30) and southwest solar quadrant (centre at S30W35). The 
solar wind speed ranged between 650 to 430 km/s and is currently 
at 650km/s with a gradual increasing trend in speed and a corresponding 
decline in solar wind density suggesting the Earth has entered 
a coronal hole wind stream(s). The peak total interplanetary 
field strength (IMF, Bt) was 18 nT and the north-south IMF component 
range (Bz) was +13 to -15 nT.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 04 Jan: G1

Estimated Indices 04 Jan : A   K           
   Australian Region      25   24553343
      Cocos Island        12   23432231
      Darwin              18   34442333
      Townsville           -   --------
      Learmonth           26   34553442
      Alice Springs       24   35543333
      Gingin              21   24443352
      Canberra            26   25552343
      Kennaook Cape Grim  32   25553453
      Hobart              38   25663353    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 04 Jan :
      Macquarie Island    54   25753663
      Casey               69   67843343
      Mawson              42   45663453

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 04 Jan : 
      Darwin               0   (Quiet)
      Townsville          NA
      Learmonth            2   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        2   (Quiet)
      Gingin              17   (Quiet)
      Canberra            23   (Quiet to unsettled)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 04 Jan : A 
           Fredericksburg        22
           Planetary             31                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 03 Jan :  A   K
           Fredericksburg         7
           Planetary              6   1331 0111     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
05 Jan    18    G0-G1
06 Jan    16    G0-G1
07 Jan    12    G0, chance G1

COMMENT: ASWFC Geomagnetic Warning 3 was issued on 4 January 
and is current for 4-6 Jan. In the Australian region on UT day 
04-Jan G1 geomagnetic conditions were observed as the Earth entered 
a coronal hole wind stream. In the Antarctic region G3 conditions 
were observed at Macquarie Island, G4 conditions were observed 
at Casey and G2 conditions were observed at Mawson. G0-G1 geomagnetic 
conditions are expected over 05-06 Jan due to coronal hole wind 
stream effects.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
04 Jan      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair-poor      

PCA Event : 10MeV Proton/PCA Event Began 04 01 2025 2220UT and is in progress

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
05 Jan      Normal         Fair           Poor(PCA)
06 Jan      Normal         Fair-normal    Fair
07 Jan      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair

COMMENT: HF propagation conditions on UT day 04-Jan were normal 
to fair with ionospheric depressions at middle to high latitudes 
and increased absorption observed late in the UT at high latitudes. 
Moderately depressed/degraded conditions are expected for 05-Jan 
for middle to latitudes with poor conditions expected at high 
latitudes due to absorption associated with an S1 solar radiation 
storm. Conditions should gradually improve over 06-07 Jan. Shortwave 
fadeouts are probable.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
04 Jan   133

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Enhanced by 15% during local day.
      Near predicted monthly values during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Mostly near predicted monthly values.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Enhanced by 15-30% during local day.
      Near predicted monthly values during local night.
   Southern Australian Region:
      15% depressed to near predicted monthly values.
      Depressed by 30% after local dawn.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Depressed by 15% over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Dec      132
Jan      119
Feb      116

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
05 Jan    85    Depressed 15 to 30%/near predicted monthly values
06 Jan   100    Depressed 10 to 15%/near predicted monthly values
07 Jan   110    Near predicted monthly values

COMMENT: ASWFC SWF HF Communications Warning 3 was issued on 
3 January and is current for 4-6 Jan. ASWFC HF Communications 
Warning 4 was issued on 4 January and is current for 5 Jan only. 
Maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) on UT day 04-Jan in the Australian 
region were generally depressed 15% to near predicted monthly 
values, with MUFs at Darwin enhanced by 30% during the local 
day. Spread F was observed at Hobart during local night hours. 
Sporadic E was observed at Brisbane, Canberra and Niue. MUFs 
are expected to be 15-30% depressed on 05-Jan following overnight 
G1 geomagnetic storm activity. The ionospheric depression response 
is expected to be stronger in the southern Australian region. 
MUFs are expected to be milldy depressed on 06-Jan an near normal 
on 07-Jan. Shortwave fadeouts were observed at 03/2204-04/0044UT 
and 05/0509-0618UT. Shortwave fadeouts are probable.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 03 Jan
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   2.0E+05
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.3E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 2.80E+06   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 1%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C1.9

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 03 Jan
Speed: 435 km/sec  Density:    3.7 p/cc  Temp:    36300 K  Bz:   8 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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