[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 19 April 25 issued 2330 UT on 19 Apr 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Sun Apr 20 09:30:43 AEST 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/19 APRIL 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 19 APRIL AND FORECAST FOR 20 APRIL - 22 APRIL
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** YELLOW **   MAG:** YELLOW **     ION: GREEN
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 19 Apr:  R0

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M4.4 18/2350UT  possible   lower  West Pacific

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 19 Apr: 157/111


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             20 Apr             21 Apr             22 Apr
Activity     R0-R1              R1                 R1
Fadeouts     Possible           Possible           Possible
10.7cm/SSN   160/114            165/119            165/119

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 19-Apr was R0. An R1 M4.4 flare 
was observed yesterday late in the UT day from just behind the 
southeast solar limb at solar latitude S28. Solar region AR4062 
(S04E19, beta) and AR4064 (N03E37, beta) are medium sized and 
the larger of the on disk regions. Both these regions have been 
relatively quiet, with solar region AR4062 showing decay and 
AR4064 showing redistribution in its trailer spots. Small solar 
region AR4060 (N07W53, beta) produced a minor C1 flare at 19/1114UT. 
Small solar region AR4065 (S30E39, beta) shows some growth in 
its trailer spots. There are currently seven numbered sunspots 
on the solar disk, other regions are small with simple magnetic 
configurations. Some plasma emission is visible at solar latitudes 
S28 and N15 on the eastern solar limb suggesting solar regions 
may soon rotate onto the solar disk at these latitudes. A 15 
degree long section of a solar filament located at N25E20 slowly 
lifted off over 19/1200-1500UT and a 10 degree long filament 
located at S05W25 is showing motion in GONG H-alpha imagery. 
A large coronal hole is visible in the southern solar hemisphere 
and is transiting the solar central meridian. Solar activity 
is expected to be R0-R1 on 20-Apr and R1 on 21-22 Apr. S0 solar 
radiation storm conditions were observed on 19-Apr. S0 solar 
radiation storm conditions are expected over 20-22 Apr. No Earth 
directed CMEs were observed. Yesterday's M4.4 flare on the southeast 
solar limb was associated with a steeply southeast directed CME 
and has been modelled as an Earth miss. A directly southward 
CME was observed from 19/1700UT and from event timing may possibly 
be associated with the filament lift off in the northeast solar 
quadrant, however it is directly steeply southward out of the 
ecliptic plane. This low confidence pairing has been modelled 
as an Earth miss. The solar wind speed slowly declined and ranged 
from 409 to 370 km/s and is currently at 370 km/s. The peak total 
interplanetary field strength (IMF, Bt) was 9 nT and the north-south 
IMF component range was +4 to -8 nT. The IMF Bz component was 
mildly southward during the second half of the UT day. The solar 
wind speed is expected to decline before increasing to moderate 
to strong over 21-22 Apr due to a wind stream from the southern 
hemisphere coronal hole. The solar wind may then stay elevated 
for 3-4 days.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 19 Apr: G0

Estimated Indices 19 Apr : A   K           
   Australian Region      11   22333322
      Cocos Island         7   22223212
      Darwin              10   22332223
      Townsville          11   22333322
      Learmonth           13   22343323
      Alice Springs       10   22333222
      Gingin              13   22343323
      Canberra            14   22443322
      Kennaook Cape Grim  14   22443322
      Hobart              16   22443333    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 19 Apr :
      Macquarie Island    35   33665432
      Casey               12   34332212
      Mawson              41   64434465

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 19 Apr : 
      Darwin               0   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            2   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        0   (Quiet)
      Gingin               3   (Quiet)
      Canberra             0   (Quiet)
      Hobart               0   (Quiet)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 19 Apr : A 
           Fredericksburg        16
           Planetary             17                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 18 Apr :  A   K
           Fredericksburg        11
           Planetary             13   3432 2223     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
20 Apr     8    G0
21 Apr    18    G0-G1
22 Apr    22    G1, chance G2

COMMENT: ASWFC Geomagnetic Warning 33 was issued on 18 April 
and is current for 21-22 Apr. G0 geomagnetic activity was observed 
in the Australian region on UT day 19-Apr. In the Antarctic region 
G0 conditions were observed at Casey, with G1-G2 periods were 
observed at Macquarie Island and Mawson. G0 conditions are expected 
for 20 Apr with G0-G1, chance G2 conditions expected during 21-22 
Apr due to the anticipated Earth entry into a coronal hole wind 
stream.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
19 Apr      Normal         Fair-normal    Fair           

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
20 Apr      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair
21 Apr      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair
22 Apr      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair

COMMENT: On UT day 19-Apr degraded HF conditions were fair to 
normal. HF radio propagation conditions are expected to mostly 
normal over 20 Apr with fair conditions possible on 21-22 Apr 
for middle to high latitudes due to expected geomagnetic activity 
from a coronal hole wind stream.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
19 Apr   121

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Enhanced by 40% during local day.
      Enhanced by 25% during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 25% during local night.
      Enhanced by 20% after local dawn.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Mostly near predicted monthly values.
      Enhanced by 20% after local dawn.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values.
      Hobart 15-25% depressed after local dawn.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Depressed by 15% over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Mar      126
Apr      115
May      113

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
20 Apr   120    Near predicted monthly values
21 Apr   120    Near predicted monthly values
22 Apr   100    10 to 15% below predicted monthly values

COMMENT: Maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) in the Australian 
region on UT day 19-Apr were generally near predicted monthly 
values. Spread F was observed during local night hours at Hobart. 
MUFs at Hobart were depressed 15-25% after local dawn and northern 
region MUFs were 15% enhanced after local dawn this morning. 
MUFs are generally expected to be near predicted monthly values over 
20-22 Apr. Hobart MUFs are expected to gradually recover. Southern 
Australian region HF conditions may become degraded from 22-Apr.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 18 Apr
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   1.7E+05
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.4E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 1.10E+07   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 2%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C1.0

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 18 Apr
Speed: 433 km/sec  Density:    2.8 p/cc  Temp:    97500 K  Bz:  -1 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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