[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 20 April 25 issued 2333 UT on 20 Apr 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Mon Apr 21 09:33:22 AEST 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/20 APRIL 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 20 APRIL AND FORECAST FOR 21 APRIL - 23 APRIL
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** YELLOW **   MAG:** YELLOW **     ION: ** YELLOW **
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 20 Apr:  R1

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M1.0    1211UT  possible   lower  European

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 20 Apr: 156/110


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             21 Apr             22 Apr             23 Apr
Activity     R0-R1              R0-R1              R0-R1
Fadeouts     Possible           Possible           Possible
10.7cm/SSN   160/114            165/119            165/119

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 20-Apr was R1 due to an M1 
flare from the southeast solar limb. A new smaller sized region 
has rotated over the southeast solar limb and is yet to be numbered. 
This region is the presumed source of yesterday's M4 flare. Of 
the more notable existing on disk regions, AR4062 (S04E04, beta) 
continues to decay and AR4064 (N10E22, beta) has been mostly 
stable with some decline in intermediate spots. Small region 
AR4063 (N05W42, beta) is decaying and produced a C4.3 flare at 
20/1718UT. There are currently seven numbered sunspots on the 
solar disk and one unnumbered region. Other regions are small. 
No region has rotated over the northeast limb at solar latitude 
N15. The active solar filament at S05W40 remains on disk though 
has changed shape considerably over the last two days. A large 
coronal hole is visible in the southern solar hemisphere and 
is transiting the solar central meridian. Taking into account 
the current solar B angle of -5 degrees, which tilts up the southern 
solar pole, much of the area of this large coronal hole is still 
at a reasonably high solar latitude. As this hole rotates across 
the solar disk it's area now appears to extend further to the 
southeast. Solar activity is expected to be R0-R1 on 21-23 Apr. 
Isolated R1 flare activity is possible from the new solar region 
in the southeast solar quadrant. S0 solar radiation storm conditions 
were observed on 20-Apr. S0 solar radiation storm conditions 
are expected over 21-23 Apr. No Earth directed CMEs were observed. 
Non Earth directed minor CMEs were observed to the southeast 
in LASCO C2 from 20/0924UT and to the southwest in STEREO-A from 
20/1509UT. The solar wind speed was steady and ranged from 380 
to 420 km/s and is currently at 400 km/s. The peak total interplanetary 
field strength (IMF, Bt) was 13 nT and the north-south IMF component 
range was +8 to -9 nT. The IMF Bt and solar wind density became 
gradually increased after 20/1730UT. The cause of this IMF and 
density enhancement is unclear. The solar wind speed remained 
relatively constant during this period. The IMF Bz briefly fluctuated 
southward during the interval 20/1800-1900UT. The solar wind 
speed is expected to increase to moderate to strong during 21-22 
Apr due to a wind stream from the southern hemisphere coronal 
hole. The solar wind may then stay elevated for 3-4 days.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 20 Apr: G0

Estimated Indices 20 Apr : A   K           
   Australian Region       6   32211022
      Cocos Island         4   22210022
      Darwin               7   32211132
      Townsville           6   32211122
      Learmonth            7   41211122
      Alice Springs        5   32211021
      Gingin               8   32211033
      Canberra             4   21211022
      Kennaook Cape Grim   5   21212022
      Hobart               5   22212022    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 20 Apr :
      Macquarie Island     9   32134011
      Casey               12   34421122
      Mawson              21   63322134

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 20 Apr : 
      Darwin               0   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            0   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        0   (Quiet)
      Gingin               0   (Quiet)
      Canberra             0   (Quiet)
      Hobart               0   (Quiet)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 20 Apr : A 
           Fredericksburg        14
           Planetary             14                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 19 Apr :  A   K
           Fredericksburg        18
           Planetary             18   4343 3324     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
21 Apr    16    G0, G1 possible late in UT day
22 Apr    25    G1, chance G2
23 Apr    25    G1, chance G2

COMMENT: ASWFC Geomagnetic Warning 33 was issued on 18 April 
and is current for 21-22 Apr. G0 geomagnetic activity was observed 
in the Australian region on UT day 20-Apr. In the Antarctic region 
G0 conditions were observed at Macquarie Island and Casey, with 
an isolated G2 period were at Macquarie Island. A single period 
of planetary G1 conditions were observed early in the UT day. 
G0-G1, chance G2 conditions expected during 21-23 Apr due to 
the anticipated Earth entry into a coronal hole wind stream.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
20 Apr      Normal         Fair-normal    Fair-normal    

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
21 Apr      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair
22 Apr      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair
23 Apr      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair

COMMENT: On UT day 20-Apr degraded HF conditions were fair to 
normal. HF radio propagation conditions are expected to become 
fair from late 21-Apr to 23 Apr for middle to high latitudes 
due to expected geomagnetic activity from a coronal hole wind 
stream.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
20 Apr   103

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Enhanced by 35% during local day.
      Near predicted monthly values during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 20% during local night.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Enhanced by 20% during local night.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Hobart MUFs depressed 15-30%.
      Depressed by 15-30% during local night.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Depressed by 30% over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Mar      126
Apr      115
May      113

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
21 Apr   115    Near predicted monthly values
22 Apr    95    10 to 15% below predicted monthly values
23 Apr    85    10 to 20% below predicted monthly values

COMMENT: Maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) in the Australian 
region on UT day 20-Apr were variable. Most southern region sites 
during the local day were near predicted monthly values becoming 
15-30% depressed during the local night hours. Hobart MUFs were 
initially 30% depressed, slowly recovering during the local day, 
then becoming depressed again during local night hours. Northern 
Australian region sites were near predicted monthly values to 
20% enhanced. Spread F was observed during local night hours 
at Hobart and Canberra. MUFs for 21-Apr are expected to be generally 
near predicted monthly values. Southern Australian regional MUFs 
are expected to become depressed 10-20% at times over 22-23 Apr 
due to anticipated geomagnetic activity induced by a coronal 
hole wind stream.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 19 Apr
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   2.6E+05
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.4E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 1.40E+07   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 3%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C1.0

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 19 Apr
Speed: 386 km/sec  Density:    3.8 p/cc  Temp:    63900 K  Bz:  -5 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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