[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 29 September 25 issued 2339 UT on 29 Sep 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Tue Sep 30 09:39:45 AEST 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/29 SEPTEMBER 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 29 SEPTEMBER AND FORECAST FOR 30 SEPTEMBER - 02 OCTOBER
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** YELLOW **   MAG:GREEN     ION: GREEN
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 29 Sep:  R1

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M3.6    0145UT  possible   lower  West Pacific
  M1.0    1115UT  possible   lower  European
  M1.1    1139UT  possible   lower  European
  M1.0    1159UT  possible   lower  European

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 29 Sep: 186/139


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             30 Sep             01 Oct             02 Oct
Activity     R1,chance R2       R1,chance R2       R1,chance R2
Fadeouts     Possible           Possible           Possible
10.7cm/SSN   180/133            180/133            175/129

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 29-Sep was at the R1 level. 
Solar region AR4232 (N05E40, beta) produced an impulsive the 
M3.6 flare and an M1.1 flare later in the UT day. Solar region 
AR4236 (N12E34, beta) and AR4233 (N19E42, beta) each produced 
M1 class flare events. Solar region AR4236 is rapidly growing, 
and AR4230 (S10W20, beta) and AR4233 are growing. There has been 
an increase in small surrounding spots in region AR4232 (N05E40, 
beta). Smaller solar region AR4238 (S16W24, beta) to the south 
of AR4230 is also growing. There are currently ten numbered sunspot 
regions on the solar disk. All other sunspot regions are stable 
or in decaying. A faint 25 degree long filament with centre located 
at N25W27 erupted from 29/0836UT. Solar activity is expected 
to be R1 with isolated R2 flares possible over 30 Sep to 02-Oct. 
No significantly Earth directed CMEs were observed. No CME appeared 
to be associated with the filament eruption in the northwest 
solar quadrant. A narrow CME to the southeast and east followed 
the M3.6 flare from AR4232 from 29/0212UT. A second narrow CME 
to the southeast was observed from 29/1500UT which appeared to 
associated with plasma ejecta from AR4232. Neither of these CMEs 
are considered to have an Earth directed component. S0 solar 
radiation storm conditions were observed on UT day 29-Sep. S0 
solar radiation storm conditions are expected over 30 Sep to 
02-Oct. On UT day 29-Sep the solar wind speed was moderately 
elevated and steady. The solar wind speed ranged from 420 to 
380 km/s and is currently at 400 km/s. The peak interplanetary 
magnetic field strength (IMF, Bt) was 15 nT and the north-south 
IMF component range (Bz) was +2to -12 nT. A prolonged interval 
of mildly southward IMF conditions was observed 29/0100-2000UT. 
The solar wind is expected to further slowly decline to near 
background levels over the next two days. Two isolated coronal 
holes currently located in the eastern solar hemisphere are approaching 
the solar central meridian, with 27 day recurrence patterns suggesting 
a increase in solar wind speed from 03-Oct.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 29 Sep: G1

Estimated Indices 29 Sep : A   K           
   Australian Region      19   22254442
      Cocos Island        12   22233432
      Darwin              15   22243433
      Townsville          20   22254443
      Learmonth           24   32255443
      Alice Springs       19   22254442
      Gingin              27   22265443
      Canberra            22   22254542
      Kennaook Cape Grim  27   22265532
      Hobart              28   22265542    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 29 Sep :
      Macquarie Island    51   12366762
      Casey               16   32344332
      Mawson              20   33433353

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 29 Sep : 
      Darwin               0   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            0   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        0   (Quiet)
      Gingin               2   (Quiet)
      Canberra             4   (Quiet)
      Hobart              14   (Quiet)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 29 Sep : A 
           Fredericksburg        14
           Planetary             18                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 28 Sep :  A   K
           Fredericksburg         9
           Planetary             10   3312 2332

2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
30 Sep     6    G0
01 Oct     6    G0
02 Oct    13    G0, chance G1 late in the UT day

COMMENT: G1 geomagnetic conditions were observed in the Australian 
region on UT day 29-Sep associated with a sustained period of 
mildly southward orientated interplanetary magnetic field conditions. 
In the Antarctic region G3 geomagnetic conditions were observed 
at Macquarie Island, G1 conditions were observed at Mawson and 
G0 conditions were observed at Casey. Planetary G1 conditions 
were observed for three Kp periods. G0 geomagnetic conditions 
are expected over 30 Sep to 1-Oct, with possible G1 periods late 
in the UT day on 02-Oct due to a coronal hole wind stream.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
29 Sep      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair           

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
30 Sep      Normal         Fair-normal    Fair
01 Oct      Normal         Normal         Normal
02 Oct      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair

COMMENT: HF radio propagation conditions on UT day 29-Sep were 
fair to normal, with degraded HF conditions at times for high 
latitudes. Increased absorption of up to 3db was observed on 
the 30MHz riometer at Macquarie Island during the period 29/1600-1900UT. 
HF radio propagation conditions are expected to be fair to middle 
to high latitudes for 30-Sep, with normal conditions expected 
for 01-Oct and most of 02-Oct. HF conditions at middle to high 
latitudes may become degraded late in the UT day on 02-Oct and 
into 03-Oct.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
29 Sep   130

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Enhanced by 15% during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Enhanced by 20-30%.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Enhanced by 15-25%.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Enhanced by 20% during local night.
      Depressed by 15-30% after local dawn.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Depressed by 15% over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Aug      96
Sep      92
Oct      90

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
30 Sep    75    Depressed 15 to 20%/near predicted monthly values
01 Oct   130    Near to 15% above predicted monthly values
02 Oct   130    Near to 15% above predicted monthly values

COMMENT: ASWFC SWF HF Communications Warning 86 was issued on 
28 September and is current for 29 Sep to 1 Oct. Maximum usable 
frequencies (MUFs) in the Australian region on UT day 29-Sep 
were variable. Northern Australian region were generally enhanced 
15-25%. MUFs in the southern Australian region were initially 
near to 20% above predicted monthly values, becoming depressed 
by 15-30% after local dawn this morning, following overnight 
geomagnetic activity and are expected to slowly recover today. 
Spread F was observed at Hobart over night. Equatorial range 
spread F was observed at Cocos Island and Niue. Equatorial ionospheric 
scintillation was observed 29/0717-1130UT. A brief fadeout impacting 
only the lower HF frequencies was observed 29/0143-0149UT. Northern 
region MUFs are expected to be near predicted monthly values 
to 15% enhanced for 30-Sep. MUFs are expected to be near predicted 
values to 15% enhanced over 01-02 Oct.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 28 Sep
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   9.4E+05
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.6E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 1.40E+07   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 3%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C1.6

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 28 Sep
Speed: 408 km/sec  Density:    2.6 p/cc  Temp:    59200 K  Bz:   5 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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