[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 28 September 25 issued 2330 UT on 28 Sep 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Mon Sep 29 09:30:49 AEST 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/28 SEPTEMBER 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 28 SEPTEMBER AND FORECAST FOR 29 SEPTEMBER - 01 OCTOBER
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** YELLOW **   MAG:GREEN     ION: GREEN
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 28 Sep:  R2

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M6.4    0843UT  probable   lower  Mid East/Indian

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 28 Sep: 171/125


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             29 Sep             30 Sep             01 Oct
Activity     R0-R1, chance R2   R0-R1, chance R2   R0-R1, chance R2
Fadeouts     Possible           Possible           Possible
10.7cm/SSN   175/129            180/133            180/133

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 28-Sep was R2 with an M6 solar 
from AR4232 (N05E51, beta) and an M1 solar from AR4233 (N19E54, 
beta). There are currently nine numbered sunspot regions on the 
solar disk. There is a cluster of sunspots on the eastern limb 
that are currently all in a growth phase with AR4232 being the 
most complex and flare active of them. All other sunspot regions 
are decaying. Solar activity is expected to be R0-R1 with isolated 
R2 flares possible over 29-30 Sep and 1-Oct. 

A CME was associated with the M6 solar flare and can be seen 
from 0912 UT directed to the solar east, but is not considered 
geoeffective. Several other CMEs were observed from the vicinity 
of this active region but none were analysed as geoeffective. 

S0 solar radiation storm conditions were observed on UT day 28-Sep. 
S0 solar radiation storm conditions are expected over 29-30 Sep and 1-Oct. 

On UT day 28-Sep the solar wind environment was mildly disturbed due 
to a small coronal hole. The solar wind speed ranged from 447 
to 378 km/s and is currently steady. The peak interplanetary 
magnetic field strength (IMF, Bt) was 14 nT and the north-south 
IMF component range (Bz) was +13 to -7 nT. The solar wind is 
expected to be near background levels over 29-30 Sep and 1-Oct.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 28 Sep: G0

Estimated Indices 28 Sep : A   K           
   Australian Region       8   32122322
      Cocos Island         5   22121221
      Darwin               8   32122322
      Townsville           8   32122322
      Learmonth            9   32122323
      Alice Springs        8   32122322
      Gingin               9   32221323
      Canberra             7   22122322
      Kennaook Cape Grim   7   22122322
      Hobart               7   22112322    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 28 Sep :
      Macquarie Island     4   21011221
      Casey               19   45431323
      Mawson              15   44121334

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 28 Sep : 
      Darwin               0   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            0   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        0   (Quiet)
      Gingin               4   (Quiet)
      Canberra             6   (Quiet)
      Hobart              13   (Quiet)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 28 Sep : A 
           Fredericksburg        10
           Planetary             12                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 27 Sep :  A   K
           Fredericksburg         5
           Planetary              6   2211 1132


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
29 Sep     8    G0
30 Sep     6    G0
01 Oct     6    G0

COMMENT: G0 geomagnetic conditions were observed in the Australian 
region on UT day 28-Sep. G0-G1 geomagnetic conditions were observed 
in the Antarctic region. G0 geomagnetic conditions are expected 
over 29-30 Sep to 1-Oct.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
28 Sep      Normal         Normal         Normal         

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
29 Sep      Normal         Normal         Normal
30 Sep      Normal         Normal         Normal
01 Oct      Normal         Normal         Normal

COMMENT: HF radio propagation conditions on UT day 28-Sep were 
mostly normal. HF radio propagation conditions are expected to 
be mostly normal over 28-29 Sep and 1-Oct.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
28 Sep   136

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Enhanced by 45% during local day.
      Enhanced by 65% during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Enhanced by 50% during local night.
      Enhanced by 25% after local dawn.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Enhanced by 25% during local day.
      Enhanced by 30% during local night.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Near predicted monthly values over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Aug      96
Sep      92
Oct      90

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
29 Sep   130    Near to 30% above predicted monthly values
30 Sep   130    Near to 30% above predicted monthly values
01 Oct   130    Near to 30% above monthly predicted values

COMMENT: Maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) in the Australian 
region were enhanced up to 50%. MUFs are expected to be near 
predicted values to 30% enhanced over 29-30 Sep to 1-Oct.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 27 Sep
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   1.3E+06
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.6E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 5.30E+07   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 7%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C1.5

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 27 Sep
Speed: 376 km/sec  Density:    1.9 p/cc  Temp:    41900 K  Bz:   1 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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