[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 21 May 25 issued 2331 UT on 21 May 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Thu May 22 09:31:11 AEST 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/21 MAY 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 21 MAY AND FORECAST FOR 22 MAY - 24 MAY
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** YELLOW **   MAG:GREEN     ION: ** YELLOW **
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 21 May:  R1

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M1.2    0008UT  possible   lower  West Pacific

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 21 May: 119/71


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             22 May             23 May             24 May
Activity     R0-R1              R0-R1              R0-R1
Fadeouts     Possible           Possible           Possible
10.7cm/SSN   120/72             122/75             122/75

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 21-May was at the R1 level, 
due to an M1.2 flare at 21/0008UT. There were no other flare 
events above the R0 level throughout the day. There are currently 
seven numbered sunspot regions visible on the solar disk. AR4087 
(N17W37, beta) is the largest region on the solar disk and was 
responsible for the M1.2 flare of the day. This region has reduced 
in magnetic complexity recently. AR4095 (S05W56, beta-gamma-delta) 
showed spot development over the UT day and has increased in 
magnetic complexity. All other sunspot regions are either stable 
or in decay. Solar activity is expected to be at R0-R1 levels 
over 22-24 May. S0 solar radiation conditions were observed on 
21-May. S0 conditions are expected over 22-24 May. No Earth-directed 
CMEs have been observed. A southwest directed CME is visible 
in SOHO and STEREO-A imagery from 21/1424UT. This event is from 
the far side of the Sun and is not geoeffective. The solar wind 
speed on UT day 21-May was steady and elevated due to coronal 
hole high speed wind stream effects, with a slight decline at 
the end of the day. The speed mostly ranged between 540 to 670 
km/s and is currently near 550 km/s. The peak total interplanetary 
magnetic field strength (IMF, Bt) was 9 nT and the north-south 
IMF component (Bz) range was -6 to +7 nT. The solar wind speed 
is expected to remain elevated over 22-24 May due to ongoing 
coronal hole high speed wind stream effects from a large coronal 
hole in the southern hemisphere.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 21 May: G0

Estimated Indices 21 May : A   K           
   Australian Region       6   22321111
      Cocos Island         5   22320011
      Darwin               8   32321122
      Townsville           7   22321122
      Learmonth            9   32331122
      Alice Springs        6   22321111
      Gingin               7   32321121
      Canberra             6   22321111
      Kennaook Cape Grim   7   32321111
      Hobart               6   22321111    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 21 May :
      Macquarie Island     8   22431101
      Casey               11   43322113
      Mawson              44   74643235

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 21 May : 
      Darwin               6   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            7   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        2   (Quiet)
      Gingin              43   (Unsettled)
      Canberra            58   (Unsettled)
      Hobart              71   (Active)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 21 May : A 
           Fredericksburg        12
           Planetary             12                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 20 May :  A   K
           Fredericksburg         0
           Planetary              0   2333 3323     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
22 May    12    G0, chance of G1
23 May    10    G0
24 May    10    G0

COMMENT: G0 geomagnetic conditions were observed in the Australian 
region on UT day 21-May. Mostly G0 geomagnetic conditions were 
observed in the Antarctic region, with isolated periods of G1-G3 
observed at Mawson. G0 geomagnetic conditions are expected over 
22-24 May, with a chance of G1 on 22-May due to ongoing coronal 
hole high speed wind stream effects from a large coronal hole 
in the southern hemisphere.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
21 May      Normal-fair    Normal-fair    Normal-fair    

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
22 May      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair
23 May      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair
24 May      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair

COMMENT: HF radio propagation conditions on UT day 21-May were 
mostly normal to fair with poorer conditions in the northern 
hemisphere. HF radio propagation conditions are expected to be 
normal to fair over 22-24 May with conditions slowly improving 
over the period, due to ongoing coronal hole effects. Shortwave 
fadeouts are possible.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
21 May    96

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 25% during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 25% during local night.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 30% during local night.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Mostly near predicted monthly values.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Depressed by 15% over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Apr      123
May      113
Jun      111

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
22 May    90    Depressed 15%/near predicted monthly values
23 May    90    Depressed 15%/near predicted monthly values
24 May    90    Depressed 15%/near predicted monthly values

COMMENT: ASWFC SWF HF Communications Warning 50 was issued on 
21 May and is current for 21-23 May. Maximum usable frequencies 
(MUFs) in the Australian region on UT day 21-May were near predicted 
monthly values during local day with depressions of up to 30% 
observed in the northern Australian region. Spread F and sporadic 
E was observed at Hobart during local night hours and light sporadic 
E was observed at Brisbane. MUFs are expected to be near predicted 
monthly values to 15% depressed over 22-24 May. Shortwave fadeouts 
are possible.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 20 May
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   6.4E+05
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.6E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 3.80E+07   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 6%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: B5.3

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 20 May
Speed: 527 km/sec  Density:    2.7 p/cc  Temp:   214000 K  Bz:  -1 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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