[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 19 March 25 issued 2331 UT on 19 Mar 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Thu Mar 20 10:31:17 AEDT 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/19 MARCH 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 19 MARCH AND FORECAST FOR 20 MARCH - 22 MARCH
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** YELLOW **   MAG:** YELLOW **     ION: GREEN
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 19 Mar:  R1

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M1.5    2040UT  possible   lower  East Pacific/
                                    North American

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 19 Mar: 180/133


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             20 Mar             21 Mar             22 Mar
Activity     R0-R1              R0-R1              R0-R1
Fadeouts     Possible           Possible           Possible
10.7cm/SSN   180/133            175/129            165/119

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 19-Mar was R1, with an isolated 
M1.5 flare from AR4031 (N17W36, beta). There are currently 10 
numbered sunspot regions on the solar disk ARs 4026 (S20W42, 
beta) and 4031 have both grown and matured, and will likely decay 
in the coming days. Other regions 4021 (S06W45, beta), 4028 (S18W18, 
beta), 4034 (S17E15, beta) and 4035 (N15E47, beta) have all grown 
in the past day, however growth of all of these spots has been 
minimal. Despite the large number of sunspots on the disk currently, 
most are relatively small and simple. Solar activity over 20-22 
Mar is expected to be R0-R1.

 A CME to the northeast can be seen from 0036 UT on 19-Mar. It appears
 to be at least associated with a coronal streamer, which may have
 erupted due to activity near AR4033 (N26E19, beta), although the timing 
of this chain of events is questionable. Minimal coronal dimming is associated 
with this event, suggesting its origin is not on the frontside 
of the Sun, however some imagery from the STEREO-A coronagraph 
does support a frontside event. Analysis of this CME is ongoing 
as to whether it could be geoeffective. 

Another CME to the northwest from 0512 UT has been assessed as farside.
 No other CMEs were observed on UT day 19-Mar. 

S0 solar radiation storm conditions were observed on UT day 19-Mar. 
S0 solar radiation storm conditions are expected over 20-22 Mar.

 The solar wind environment on UT day 19-Mar was mildly disturbed. 
The solar wind speed, as reported by ACE, ranged between near 420 and 
520 km/s. The peak total interplanetary field strength (IMF, Bt) was 
13 nT and the north-south IMF component range (Bz) was +6 to -11 nT.
 Bz was oriented southward for much of the start and end of the UT day. 
The source of the disturbance was likely from a remnant coronal hole
 that is currently too far west to be visible. The solar wind environment
is expected to possibly be disturbed on 20-Mar due to a CME that was first 
observed on 16-Mar, and carry in to 21-Mar. Should the CME that 
launched at 19/0036 UT have an Earth-directed component, there 
is a chance it would arrive late in the forecast period.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 19 Mar: G0

Estimated Indices 19 Mar : A   K           
   Australian Region      13   23332333
      Cocos Island        11   23222342
      Darwin              10   13332232
      Townsville          13   23332333
      Learmonth           15   33332343
      Alice Springs       11   23332232
      Gingin              17   33332352
      Canberra            14   23432333
      Kennaook Cape Grim  17   23443333
      Hobart              19   13543333    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 19 Mar :
      Macquarie Island    31   14654443
      Casey               17   33433243
      Mawson              44   55443664

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 19 Mar : 
      Darwin               0   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            0   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        0   (Quiet)
      Gingin               0   (Quiet)
      Canberra            11   (Quiet)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 19 Mar : A 
           Fredericksburg        19
           Planetary             23                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 18 Mar :  A   K
           Fredericksburg        13
           Planetary             12   3322 3333     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
20 Mar    18    G0-G1 initially, to G1-G2
21 Mar     8    G0-G1
22 Mar     6    G0, chance G1

COMMENT: ASWFC Geomagnetic Warning 18 was issued on 19 March 
and is current for 19-20 Mar. 

G0 geomagnetic conditions were observed in the Australian region on 
UT day 19-Mar. G0-G2 geomagnetic conditions were observed in the 
Antarctic region. G0-G1 geomagnetic conditions were recorded 
as the planetary average. 

G0-G1 geomagnetic conditions are expected initially on UT day 20-Mar due to
recent 
coronal hole activity, followed potentially by G1-G2 activity 
later in the day due to a CME arrival, although this is low confidence. 
Conditions are expected to continue into 21-Mar but easing. There 
is a further possibility of G1 activity on UT day 22-Mar due 
to a potential CME, however this is low confidence and final 
analysis of this event is pending.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
19 Mar      Normal         Normal-fair    Normal-fair    

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
20 Mar      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair
21 Mar      Normal-fair    Normal-fair    Fair
22 Mar      Normal         Normal-fair    Normal-fair

COMMENT: HF radio propagation conditions on UT day 19-Mar were 
generally normal at low and middle latitudes, with some degradations 
and depressions at high latitudes setting in near the end of 
the UT day. HF radio propagation conditions are expected to be 
somewhat degraded on 20-Mar due to recent coronal hole activity 
and an anticipated CME. degradations may ease over 21-22 Mar, 
however this is dependent on further CME analysis.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
19 Mar   145

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values.
   Niue Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Enhanced by 20% during local night.
      Enhanced by 20% after local dawn.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Enhanced by 15% during local day.
      Near predicted monthly values during local night.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Enhanced by 15% during local day.
      Near predicted monthly values during local night.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Depressed by 20% over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Feb      127
Mar      117
Apr      114

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
20 Mar   120    Near predicted values to 15% depressed
21 Mar   105    Near predicted values to 20% depressed
22 Mar   110    Near predicted monthly values to 15% depressed

COMMENT: Maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) in the Australian 
region on UT day 19-Mar were near predicted values to 15% enhanced. 
Significant spread-F was observed in Hobart during local night 
hours. MUFs are expected to be near predicted values to 15-20% 
depressed over 20-22 Mar; initially due to recent coronal hole 
activity, followed by a CME impact, then potentially followed 
by a third CME impact late in the period. Scintillation is possible 
at low and high latitudes over 20-22 Mar.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 18 Mar
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   1.4E+05
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.7E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 4.00E+07   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 6%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C1.1

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 18 Mar
Speed: 410 km/sec  Density:    5.3 p/cc  Temp:   108000 K  Bz:  -2 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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