[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 31 May 25 issued 2330 UT on 31 May 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Sun Jun 1 09:30:48 AEST 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/31 MAY 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 31 MAY AND FORECAST FOR 01 JUNE - 03 JUNE
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** RED **   MAG:** RED **     ION: ** YELLOW **
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 31 May:  R2

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M8.2    0005UT  probable   lower  West Pacific
  M2.4    0518UT  possible   lower  E. Asia/Aust.
  M4.5    0818UT  possible   lower  Mid East/Indian
  M2.9    1549UT  possible   lower  South American/
                                    Atlantic

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 31 May: 164/118


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             01 Jun             02 Jun             03 Jun
Activity     R1-R2              R1-R2              R1-R2
Fadeouts     Probable           Probable           Probable
10.7cm/SSN   165/119            160/114            150/105

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 31-May was at the R2 level 
due to a long duration M8.2 flare at 31/0005UT. There were also 
three, impulsive, R1 level M-class flares over the UT day. There 
are currently five numbered sunspot regions visible on the solar 
disk. AR4100 (N07E01, gamma-delta) is the largest and most magnetically 
complex sunspot region on the solar disk. This region underwent 
some trailer spot simplification over the UT day but still has 
two delta spot candidates and was responsible for all the M-class 
flares of the UT day. AR4104 (N05E31, beta) also showed spot 
development, but remains magnetically simple. All other sunspot 
regions are stable or in decay. Solar activity is expected to 
be at R1-R2 levels over 01-03 Jun. S1 solar radiation storm conditions 
were observed on 31-May. S1 conditions, with a chance of S2 are 
expected on 01-Jun. S0-S1 conditions are expected on 02-Jun. 
S0 conditions, with a chance of S1 are expected on 03-Jun. A 
fast, halo CME was observed from 31/0012UT in SOHO and STEREO-A 
imagery associated with the M8.2 flare at 31/0005UT. This CME 
is expected to impact Earth at 2100UT on 01-Jun +/- 12 hours. 
The solar wind speed on UT day 31-May was steady and elevated, 
mostly ranging between 580 to 820 km/s and is currently near 
680 km/s. The peak total interplanetary magnetic field strength 
(IMF, Bt) was 7 nT and the north-south IMF component (Bz) range 
was -6 to +6 nT. Elevated solar wind speeds are expected over 
the period 01-03 Jun. An increase in solar wind speed is expected 
on 01-Jun at around 2100UT due to the anticipated arrival of 
a halo CME first observed on 31-May.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 31 May: G0

Estimated Indices 31 May : A   K           
   Australian Region       9   22223223
      Cocos Island         7   22212223
      Darwin               9   22223223
      Townsville          10   22323223
      Learmonth           10   22223233
      Alice Springs        9   22223223
      Gingin              12   32223234
      Canberra            10   22323223
      Kennaook Cape Grim  11   22324223
      Hobart              12   22334223    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 31 May :
      Macquarie Island    27   33356333
      Casey               17   34333234
      Mawson              44   55444347

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 31 May : 
      Darwin               8   (Quiet)
      Townsville           8   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            4   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        6   (Quiet)
      Gingin              51   (Unsettled)
      Canberra            60   (Unsettled)
      Hobart              85   (Minor storm)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 31 May : A 
           Fredericksburg        14
           Planetary             18                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 30 May :  A   K
           Fredericksburg        18
           Planetary             16   ---- ----     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
01 Jun    75    G3-G4
02 Jun   100    G4
03 Jun    45    G1-G2

COMMENT: ASWFC Geomagnetic Warning 41 was issued on 31 May and 
is current for 1-3 Jun. G0 geomagnetic conditions were observed 
in the Australian region during the UT day 31-May. Mostly G1 
conditions were observed in the Antarctic region, with an isolated 
period of G2 at Macquarie Island and G3 at Mawson. G3-G4 geomagnetic 
conditions are expected on 01-Jun (in the second half of the 
UT day), G4 conditions are expected on 02-Jun and G1-G2 conditions 
are expected on 03-Jun due to an anticipated impact at 2100UT 
on 01-Jun +/- 12 hours from a CME first observed on 31-May.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
31 May      Normal-fair    Normal-fair    Fair-poor      

PCA Event : 10MeV Proton/PCA Event Began 31 05 2025 1700UT and is in progress

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
01 Jun      Poor           Poor           Poor(PCA)
02 Jun      Poor           Poor           Poor
03 Jun      Fair           Fair-poor      Poor

COMMENT: HF radio propagation conditions on UT day 31-May were 
mostly normal to fair, with fair to poor conditions observed 
at high latitudes. HF radio propagation conditions are expected 
to be degraded at the end of 01-Jun and over 02-Jun, due to an 
anticipated CME impact. Conditions are expected to recover slightly 
on 03-Jun. Conditions are expected to be poor at high latitudes 
on 01-Jun due to an ongoing polar cap absorption event. Shortwave 
fadeouts are probable.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
31 May    84

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 30% during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      No data available during local day.
      No data available during local night.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 20% during local night.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Depressed by 30% during local night.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Depressed by 20% over the UT day.
      Proton event in progress, increased absorption observed.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Apr      123
May      113
Jun      111

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
01 Jun    80    15 to 20% below predicted monthly values
02 Jun    60    20 to 30% below predicted monthly values
03 Jun    70    20 to 30% below predicted monthly values

COMMENT: ASWFC Preliminary HF Communications Warning 56 was issued 
on 31 May and is current for 2-4 Jun. Maximum usable frequencies 
(MUFs) in the Australian region on UT day 31-May were near predicted 
monthly values with depressions of up to 30% observed during 
local night. Spread F was observed at Hobart, Canberra and Perth 
during local night hours. MUFs are expected to be near predicted 
monthly values to depressed by up to 20% on 01-Jun. Stronger 
depressions are expected over 02-03 Jun due to anticipated geomagnetic 
activity beginning in the second half of 01-Jun. Shortwave fadeouts 
are probable.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 30 May
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   2.2E+06
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.8E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 1.20E+08   (moderate fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability:12%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C1.0

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 30 May
Speed: 732 km/sec  Density:    1.7 p/cc  Temp:   346000 K  Bz:   0 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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