[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 30 December 24 issued 2330 UT on 30 Dec 2024 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Tue Dec 31 10:30:49 AEDT 2024


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/30 DECEMBER 2024
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 30 DECEMBER AND FORECAST FOR 31 DECEMBER - 02 JANUARY
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** RED **   MAG:** RED **     ION: GREEN
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 30 Dec:  R3

Flares    Max     Fadeout    Freq.  Sectors
  M1.9 29/2330UT  possible   lower  West Pacific
  M1.7    0047UT  possible   lower  West Pacific
  M1.7    0300UT  possible   lower  E. Asia/Aust.
  X1.5    0414UT  probable   all    E. Asia/Aust.
  M1.4    0840UT  possible   lower  Mid East/Indian
  M1.7    1011UT  possible   lower  European
  M3.5    1446UT  possible   lower  South American/
                                    Atlantic
  M5.0    1654UT  possible   lower  South American/
                                    Atlantic
  M1.2    1730UT  possible   lower  South American/
                                    Atlantic
  M1.6    1742UT  possible   lower  South American/
                                    Atlantic
  M1.6    1824UT  possible   lower  East Pacific/
                                    North American
  M1.0    2241UT  possible   lower  East Pacific/
                                    North American

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 30 Dec: 224/174


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             31 Dec             01 Jan             02 Jan
Activity     R2-R3              R1-R2, chance R3   R1-R2, chance R3
Fadeouts     Probable           Probable           Probable
10.7cm/SSN   225/175            225/175            215/165

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 30-Dec was at the R3 level 
due to an X1.5 flare at 30/0414UT. There was also an M5.0 flare 
at 30/1654UT and twelve R1 level M-class flares over the UT day. 
There are currently ten numbered sunspot regions visible on the 
solar disk and two unnumbered regions. AR3936 (N15W52, beta-gamma) 
was responsible for the X-class flare and the majority of the 
M-class flares over the UT day, this region showed movement in 
its trailer spots over the day. AR3933 (S05W80, beta), AR3939 
(S18E10, beta) and AR3941 (S06E18, beta) were responsible for 
the rest of the M-class flaring on 30-Dec. AR3939 and AR3941 
showed trailer development over the UT day. All other numbered 
regions are either stable or in decay. An unnumbered region is 
visible on the solar disk at S11E33 with alpha magnetic complexity. 
Another unnumbered region developed on the solar disk at around 
S10E50 with beta magnetic characteristics. Solar activity is 
expected to be at R2-R3 levels on 31-Dec and R1-R2 levels with 
a chance of R3 over 01-02 Dec. S0 solar radiation storm conditions 
were observed on UT day 30-Dec. S0 solar radiation storm conditions 
are expected over 31-Dec to 02-Jan. A CME directed to the northwest 
is visible on SOHO and STEREO-A imagery from 30/0512UT. This 
CME appears to be associated with the X-class flare at 30/0414UT, 
an associated eruption is visible in GOES SUVI imagery from 30/0424UT 
at around N15W50. Modelling suggests the majority of this CME 
will pass ahead of the Earth but there is a chance of a glancing 
impact at 0500UT on 03-Jan +/- 12 hours. The solar wind speed 
was in decline over the UT day ranging between 315 and 375 km/s. 
The solar wind speed is currently at around 330 km/s. The peak 
total interplanetary field strength (IMF, Bt) was 9 nT and the 
north-south IMF component range (Bz) was +6 to -7 nT. The solar 
wind speed is expected to increase in the second half of 31-Dec 
due to an anticipated impact from a CME first observed on 29-Dec. 
A further CME impact is anticipated on 01-Jan, likely further 
enhancing solar wind speed. The solar wind speed is expected 
to be elevated over 01-02 Jan.

-----------------------------------------------------------
2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 30 Dec: Quiet to Unsettled

Estimated Indices 30 Dec : A   K           
   Australian Region       8   23312122
      Cocos Island         5   13211121
      Darwin               5   23211111
      Townsville           8   23312122
      Learmonth            8   23322122
      Alice Springs        7   23312112
      Gingin               7   23312121
      Canberra             7   13312112
      Kennaook Cape Grim   -   --------
      Hobart               6   12312112    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 30 Dec :
      Macquarie Island     6   02323011
      Casey               17   45431122
      Mawson              14   24422224

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 30 Dec : 
      Darwin               3   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            0   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        0   (Quiet)
      Gingin               0   (Quiet)
      Canberra             0   (Quiet)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 30 Dec : A 
           Fredericksburg         7
           Planetary              8                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 29 Dec :  A   K
           Fredericksburg         5
           Planetary              4   1012 1101     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
31 Dec    30    G2-G3
01 Jan    25    G2-G3
02 Jan    10    G0, chance of G1

COMMENT: ASWFC Geomagnetic Warning 78 was issued on 29 December 
and is current for 31 Dec to 1 Jan. G0 geomagnetic conditions 
were observed in the Australian region on UT day 30-Dec. Mostly 
G0 geomagnetic conditions were observed in the Antarctic region, 
with an isolated period of G1 at Casey. G2 geomagnetic conditions, 
with a chance of G3 are expected on 31-Dec and 01-Jan due to 
anticipated CME impacts on both days. Mostly G0 conditions are 
expected on 02-Jan.

-----------------------------------------------------------
3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
30 Dec      Normal-fair    Normal-fair    Fair-poor      

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
31 Dec      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair
01 Jan      Fair           Fair           Fair-poor
02 Jan      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair

COMMENT: HF radio propagation conditions were generally normal 
to fair, with fair to poor conditions observed at high latitudes. 
Lower frequencies may have been affected for much of the day 
for daylight HF circuits due to high levels of background X-ray 
flux. Similar HF radio propagation conditions for the first half 
of UT day 31-Dec with degradations possible from 31-Dec through 
to 02-Jan to to anticipated geomagnetic activity.

-----------------------------------------------------------
4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
30 Dec   134

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      Enhanced by 20% during local day.
      Enhanced by 50% during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Near predicted monthly values over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Nov      127
Dec      117
Jan      114

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
31 Dec   130    Near predicted monthly values
01 Jan   130    Near predicted monthly values
02 Jan   130    Near predicted monthly values

COMMENT: ASWFC Preliminary HF Communications Warning 150 was 
issued on 29 December and is current for 31 Dec to 2 Jan. Maximum 
usable frequencies (MUFs) in the Australian region on UT day 
30-Dec were near predicted monthly values. Sporadic-E at low 
frequencies was common at most sites during local night hours. 
Lower frequencies on daylight HF circuits may have been degraded 
due to high background X-ray flux levels. MUFs are expected to 
be near predicted monthly values over 31-Dec to 02-Jan, with 
a chance of depressions over the whole period due to anticipated 
geomagnetic activity.

-----------------------------------------------------------
5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 29 Dec
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   1.0E+06
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  2.4E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 7.00E+06   (normal fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability: 1%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: C6.4

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 29 Dec
Speed: 361 km/sec  Density:    3.7 p/cc  Temp:    58400 K  Bz:   2 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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