[Ips-dsgr] ASWFC Daily Report - 21 September 25 issued 2330 UT on 21 Sep 2025 [SEC=OFFICIAL]

Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre aswfc at bom.gov.au
Mon Sep 22 09:30:49 AEST 2025


SUBJ: ASWFC DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 2330UT/21 SEPTEMBER 2025
FROM THE AUSTRALIAN SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING CENTRE
SUMMARY FOR 21 SEPTEMBER AND FORECAST FOR 22 SEPTEMBER - 24 SEPTEMBER
STATUS INDICATORS SOL:** YELLOW **   MAG:** YELLOW **     ION: GREEN
ASWAS SCALE DESCRIPTION: https://bit.ly/3lmaMBx
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1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity 21 Sep:  R0

Flares: none.

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 21 Sep: 176/130


1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             22 Sep             23 Sep             24 Sep
Activity     R0, chance of R1   R0, chance of R1   R0, chance of R1 
Fadeouts     Possible           Possible           Possible
10.7cm/SSN   180/133            180/133            185/138

COMMENT: Solar activity on UT day 21-Sep was at R0. There are 
currently ten numbered sunspot regions on the solar disk. Of 
note, AR4217 (S14W14, beta-gamma) shows growth in both intermediates 
and trailer spots and has produced a number of low level C class 
flares over the UT day. AR4223 (S15W04 gamma) continues to show 
some growth in its small spots but is becoming magnetically less 
complex. AR4226 (S11E57 beta) has shown rapid growth in its trailer 
spots. It appears beta complexity but it is hard to classify 
noting its proximity to the eastern limb. Other solar regions 
on the visible solar disk are either stable or in decay. AR4225 
(N12E15, beta) has shown some growth and some decay in its small 
spots south of the main spot. Solar activity is expected to be 
R0,chance R1 over 22-24 Sep. A small solar filament centred around 
S20W05-W10 appeared to disappear in GONG H-alpha imagery during 
the interval 21/0400-0620UT. A large slowly erupting filament 
on the high northeastern limb was visible late in the UT day. 
No Earth-directed CMEs have been observed. No CME appeared to 
be associated with the solar filament activity in the southern 
solar quadrant. A narrow finger of plasma ejecta on the NW limb 
was visible around 21/1813UT on GOES SUVI 304. The activity on 
the northeast and northwest limbs appear to be associated with 
northward non-Earth directed CME's just becoming visible in LASCO 
C2. S0 solar radiation storm conditions were observed on UT day 
21-Sep. S0 solar radiation storm conditions are expected over 
22-24 Sep. A moderately sized isolated coronal hole is visible 
in the northwestern solar hemisphere with centre at approximately 
N25W25. The solar wind on UT day 21-Sep continued to slowly decline. 
The solar wind speed ranged from 340 km/s to 290 km/s and is 
currently at 300 km/s. The peak total interplanetary field strength 
(IMF, Bt) was 7 nT and the north-south IMF component range (Bz) 
was +5 to -4 nT. The solar wind is expected to be near background 
levels through most of the day with a moderate increase in solar 
wind speed expected from late 22-Sep due to the solar wind stream 
from the coronal hole now west of the solar central meridian. 
The US GOES geosynchronous satellite 2MeV energy electron detector 
has remained elevated. An elevated 2MeV electron flux is statistically 
associated with an increased risk of geosynchronous satellite 
anomalies.

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2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY

Geomagnetic field for Australian Region 21 Sep: G0

Estimated Indices 21 Sep : A   K           
   Australian Region       3   12201201
      Cocos Island         2   12111100
      Darwin               4   12202202
      Townsville           6   22212212
      Learmonth            5   22202202
      Alice Springs        3   11202201
      Gingin               4   22201211
      Canberra             3   11201201
      Kennaook Cape Grim   3   11201201
      Hobart               3   11201211    

Estimated Antarctic Regional K Indices 21 Sep :
      Macquarie Island     1   00110100
      Casey                8   23410211
      Mawson               7   23201223

Observed Regional daily pc3 Indices 21 Sep : 
      Darwin               0   (Quiet)
      Townsville           0   (Quiet)
      Learmonth            0   (Quiet)
      Alice Springs        0   (Quiet)
      Gingin               0   (Quiet)
      Canberra             0   (Quiet)
      Hobart               0   (Quiet)

Pc3 pulsations are high frequency (10-45 second period) variations 
of the Earths magnetic field. Daily pc3-indices are the daily sum 
of 20 minute pc3-indices for that station and have been shown to be
well correlated with rejection of high resolution aeromagnetic
survey flight-line data. 

NOTE: Indices may have been generated from data obtained in 
cooperation with the following organisations: Geoscience Australia, 
University of Newcastle Space Physics Group, Australian Government 
Antarctic Division and International Center for Space Weather 
Science and Education, Japan.


Estimated AFr/Ap Indices 21 Sep : A 
           Fredericksburg         8
           Planetary             10                         

Observed AFr/Ap Indices 20 Sep :  A   K
           Fredericksburg         5
           Planetary              5   2221 1001     


2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
Date      Ap    Conditions
22 Sep    17    G0, chance of G1 late in the UT day.
23 Sep    20    G0-G1
24 Sep    13    G0-G1

COMMENT: ASWFC Geomagnetic Warning 70 was issued on 19 September 
and is current for 22-23 Sep. G0 geomagnetic conditions were 
observed in the Australian and Antarctic regions on UT day 21-Sep. 
Periods of G1 geomagnetic activity are possible from late 22-Sep 
and G0-G1 for 23-24 Sep due to a coronal hole wind stream.

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3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
21 Sep      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair    

PCA Event : No event.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
	            Latitude Band
Date        Low            Middle         High 
22 Sep      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair
23 Sep      Normal         Normal-fair    Fair
24 Sep      Normal         Normal         Normal-fair

COMMENT: HF radio propagation conditions on UT day 21-Sep were 
mostly normal. HF radio propagation conditions are expected to 
be mostly normal on 22-Sep. HF conditions at middle to high latitudes 
may become mildly degraded from late 22-Sep in association with 
a mild increase in geomagnetic activity from a coronal hole wind 
stream. Isolated minor shortwave fadeouts are possible.

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4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY


Date   T index
21 Sep   114

Observed Australian Regional MUFs
   Cocos Island Region:
      No data available during local day.
      No data available during local night.
   Niue Island Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Enhanced by 25% during local night.
   Northern Australian Region:
      Near predicted monthly values during local day.
      Enhanced by 20% during local night.
   Southern Australian Region:
      Enhanced by 15% during local day.
      Enhanced by 20% during local night.
      Enhanced by 25% after local dawn.
   Antarctic Region (Casey/Davis/Mawson):
      Near predicted monthly values over the UT day.

Monthly T index:
Month  T index
Aug      96
Sep      92
Oct      90

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
Date   T index  MUFs
22 Sep   110    Near predicted monthly values
23 Sep   100    Near predicted monthly values
24 Sep   100    Near predicted monthly values

COMMENT: Maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) in the Australian 
region on UT day 21-Sep were near predicted values to 25% enhanced. 
Spread F was observed in Perth over local night. On 22-Sep HF 
conditions are likely to be enhanced by 15% during the local 
day then mildly degraded conditions may be experienced during 
local night hours for the southern Australian region due to an 
anticipated mild increase in geomagnetic activity from a coronal 
hole wind stream. MUFs are expected to be near predicted values 
over 22-24 Sep. Mildly degraded conditions are expected during 
local night hours on 23-Sep. Isolated minor shortwave fadeouts 
are possible.

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5. SPACE ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY

GOES satellite data for 20 Sep
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   5.0E+06
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.6E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 2.40E+08   (moderate fluence)
Electron Fluence Daily Deep Dielectric Discharge Probability:17%
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.
       X-ray background: B9.4

DSCOVR Satellite Solar Wind Day Averaged Data for 20 Sep
Speed: 350 km/sec  Density:    2.6 p/cc  Temp:    36800 K  Bz:   0 nT

(Courtesy Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder USA)
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Australian Space Weather Forecasting Centre
Bureau of Meteorology
ASWFC at bom.gov.au
www.bom.gov.au | www.sws.bom.gov.au



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